Cable Size Calculator

Metric cable sizing in mm² for international solar installations. Enter current, distance, and voltage — get the right IEC cable size.

A
m
V
Recommended cable size
120 mm²
AWG equivalent4/0 AWG
Actual voltage drop0.061V (0.13%)
Max ampacity239A
Power loss1.2W
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How to Use This Calculator

Enter current in amps and one-way distance in meters

Input the maximum continuous current in amps and the one-way cable run from source to load in meters. The calculator uses 2× the one-way distance as the complete circuit (cable runs out and returns). For solar strings, use your panel Isc × 1.25. For AC circuits, use rated load current × 1.25.

Set voltage and maximum voltage drop

Enter the system voltage and select your acceptable voltage drop. For DC solar circuits, 2% is the IEC 60364 recommendation. For AC branch circuits, 3% is typical. The lower the allowable drop, the thicker (and more expensive) the cable.

Results include AWG equivalent

The result shows the recommended IEC standard cable size in mm², plus the nearest AWG equivalent — useful if you're sourcing from a US supplier or working on a system that mixes metric and imperial specs.

The Formula

Total circuit length = one-way distance (m) × 2 / 1000 [in km] Allowed voltage drop = System voltage × drop% / 100 Max resistance = Allowed drop ÷ (circuit length km × current A) [Ω/km] Select smallest IEC standard cable size where: Resistance ≤ max resistance AND rated current ≥ load current Actual voltage drop = circuit length km × cable resistance Ω/km × current A

Standard IEC cable sizes follow the R10 geometric series: 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 35, 50, 70, 95, 120 mm². Each step up reduces resistance by roughly 37% and increases current capacity proportionally. The resistance values used are for copper conductors at 20°C per IEC 60228.

Example

Solar array to inverter — 15m run, 24V system

A 24V solar system produces 18A through a 15-meter cable run to an inverter. Maximum acceptable voltage drop is 2%.

Circuit length15m × 2 / 1000 = 0.030 km
Allowed voltage drop24V × 2% = 0.48V
Max resistance0.48V / (0.030km × 18A) = 0.889 Ω/km

Result

Suitable cables16mm² (1.15 Ω/km) — too high; 25mm² (0.727 Ω/km) — OK
Recommended25 mm² (≈ 4 AWG)
Actual drop0.030 × 0.727 × 18 = 0.39V (1.64%)

This 24V, 15m run requires 25mm² cable. On a 48V system with the same power, current halves to 9A — and 10mm² cable would be sufficient. Again demonstrating why 48V systems need far less copper than 24V.

FAQ

mm² (square millimeters) is the IEC metric standard used in Europe, Australia, Asia, and most of the world — it directly states the conductor cross-sectional area. AWG (American Wire Gauge) is the US standard — a legacy gauge number where larger numbers mean thinner wire. Converting between them: 2.5mm² ≈ 12 AWG, 4mm² ≈ 10 AWG, 6mm² ≈ 10 AWG, 10mm² ≈ 8 AWG, 16mm² ≈ 6 AWG, 25mm² ≈ 4 AWG. The calculator shows both for compatibility when sourcing from international suppliers.
For outdoor PV string wiring: H1Z2Z2-K solar cable (the European standard) or EN 50618-compliant cable — UV resistant, double insulated, rated for 1,500V DC, suitable for outdoor use and direct exposure. This is the equivalent of USE-2/PV Wire in the US. For indoor runs from inverter to battery: standard H07V-K or NYM cable is acceptable in most countries. Check your local wiring regulations (IEC 60364 or national equivalent) for specific requirements.
Higher temperatures increase copper resistance (about +0.4% per °C above 20°C) and reduce cable ampacity. If your cables run in a hot roof space or conduit bundle, you need to apply a derating factor. For example, PVC-insulated cable in an ambient temperature of 45°C needs to be derated to about 87% of its standard ampacity. This calculator uses standard 20°C resistance values and free-air ampacity — if your installation is in high temperatures or bundled conduit, go one or two sizes larger than the calculator recommends.

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